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|00000000| 5d 5c 73 65 63 74 69 6f | 6e 7b 73 63 61 6c 61 72 |]\sectio|n{scalar|
|00000010| 20 2d 2d 2d 20 53 63 61 | 6c 61 72 20 43 6f 6e 76 | --- Sca|lar Conv|
|00000020| 65 72 73 69 6f 6e 7d 0d | 5c 6c 61 62 65 6c 7b 66 |ersion}.|\label{f|
|00000030| 6e 3a 73 63 61 6c 61 72 | 7d 0d 5c 69 6e 64 65 78 |n:scalar|}.\index|
|00000040| 7b 73 63 61 6c 61 72 28 | 29 7d 0d 5c 69 6e 64 65 |{scalar(|)}.\inde|
|00000050| 78 7b 73 63 61 6c 61 72 | 20 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 73 |x{scalar| convers|
|00000060| 69 6f 6e 7d 0d 5c 69 6e | 64 65 78 7b 6d 61 74 72 |ion}.\in|dex{matr|
|00000070| 69 78 21 63 6f 6e 76 65 | 72 73 69 6f 6e 20 74 6f |ix!conve|rsion to|
|00000080| 20 73 63 61 6c 61 72 7d | 0d 5c 62 65 67 69 6e 7b | scalar}|.\begin{|
|00000090| 72 61 69 6c 7d 0d 53 63 | 61 6c 61 72 20 3a 20 27 |rail}.Sc|alar : '|
|000000a0| 73 63 61 6c 61 72 27 20 | 27 28 27 20 28 20 28 29 |scalar' |'(' ( ()|
|000000b0| 20 7c 20 53 63 61 6c 61 | 72 20 7c 20 4d 61 74 72 | | Scala|r | Matr|
|000000c0| 69 78 20 29 20 27 29 27 | 20 3b 0d 5c 65 6e 64 7b |ix ) ')'| ;.\end{|
|000000d0| 72 61 69 6c 7d 0d 0d 5c | 76 65 72 62 2b 73 63 61 |rail}..\|verb+sca|
|000000e0| 6c 61 72 2b 20 63 6f 6e | 76 65 72 74 73 20 69 74 |lar+ con|verts it|
|000000f0| 73 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 | 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 61 20 |s argume|nt to a |
|00000100| 73 63 61 6c 61 72 2e 20 | 20 49 66 20 6e 6f 20 61 |scalar. | If no a|
|00000110| 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 20 | 69 73 0d 73 75 70 70 6c |rgument |is.suppl|
|00000120| 69 65 64 2c 20 74 68 65 | 6e 20 24 30 24 20 69 73 |ied, the|n $0$ is|
|00000130| 20 72 65 74 75 72 6e 65 | 64 2e 20 49 66 20 74 68 | returne|d. If th|
|00000140| 65 20 61 72 67 75 6d 65 | 6e 74 20 69 73 20 61 20 |e argume|nt is a |
|00000150| 73 63 61 6c 61 72 2c 20 | 74 68 61 74 0d 73 63 61 |scalar, |that.sca|
|00000160| 6c 61 72 20 69 73 20 72 | 65 74 75 72 6e 65 64 2e |lar is r|eturned.|
|00000170| 20 49 66 20 74 68 65 20 | 61 72 67 75 6d 65 6e 74 | If the |argument|
|00000180| 20 69 73 20 61 20 6d 61 | 74 72 69 78 2c 20 74 68 | is a ma|trix, th|
|00000190| 65 20 6d 61 74 72 69 78 | 20 6d 75 73 74 20 68 61 |e matrix| must ha|
|000001a0| 76 65 0d 61 20 73 69 6e | 67 6c 65 20 65 6c 65 6d |ve.a sin|gle elem|
|000001b0| 65 6e 74 2c 20 77 68 69 | 63 68 20 69 73 20 72 65 |ent, whi|ch is re|
|000001c0| 74 75 72 6e 65 64 2e 0d | 0d 5c 76 65 72 62 2b 73 |turned..|.\verb+s|
|000001d0| 63 61 6c 61 72 2b 20 69 | 73 20 70 72 6f 76 69 64 |calar+ i|s provid|
|000001e0| 65 64 20 66 6f 72 20 73 | 79 6d 6d 65 74 72 79 20 |ed for s|ymmetry |
|000001f0| 77 69 74 68 20 74 68 65 | 20 5c 76 65 72 62 2b 6d |with the| \verb+m|
|00000200| 61 74 72 69 78 2b 0d 66 | 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 2e |atrix+.f|unction.|
|00000210| 20 46 75 6e 63 74 69 6f | 6e 61 6c 6c 79 20 69 74 | Functio|nally it|
|00000220| 20 69 73 20 6e 6f 74 20 | 72 65 71 75 69 72 65 64 | is not |required|
|00000230| 2c 20 73 69 6e 63 65 20 | 73 63 61 6c 61 72 0d 72 |, since |scalar.r|
|00000240| 65 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 | 73 20 74 6f 20 6d 61 74 |eference|s to mat|
|00000250| 72 69 63 65 73 20 61 72 | 65 20 61 75 74 6f 6d 61 |rices ar|e automa|
|00000260| 74 69 63 61 6c 6c 79 20 | 63 6f 6e 76 65 72 74 65 |tically |converte|
|00000270| 64 20 74 6f 20 73 63 61 | 6c 61 72 0d 74 79 70 65 |d to sca|lar.type|
|00000280| 2e 0d 0d 5c 70 61 72 61 | 67 72 61 70 68 7b 45 78 |...\para|graph{Ex|
|00000290| 61 6d 70 6c 65 7d 0d 5c | 69 6e 64 65 78 7b 65 78 |ample}.\|index{ex|
|000002a0| 61 6d 70 6c 65 20 6f 66 | 20 73 63 61 6c 61 72 28 |ample of| scalar(|
|000002b0| 29 7d 0d 5c 69 6e 64 65 | 78 7b 73 63 61 6c 61 72 |)}.\inde|x{scalar|
|000002c0| 28 29 21 65 78 61 6d 70 | 6c 65 7d 0d 5c 62 65 67 |()!examp|le}.\beg|
|000002d0| 69 6e 7b 76 65 72 62 61 | 74 69 6d 7d 0d 3e 20 73 |in{verba|tim}.> s|
|000002e0| 63 61 6c 61 72 28 29 0d | 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 |calar().|        |
|000002f0| 30 0d 3e 20 73 63 61 6c | 61 72 28 32 29 0d 20 20 |0.> scal|ar(2).  |
|00000300| 20 20 20 20 20 20 32 0d | 3e 20 73 63 61 6c 61 72 |      2.|> scalar|
|00000310| 28 32 2e 33 34 36 32 2b | 33 36 35 2e 33 36 35 6a |(2.3462+|365.365j|
|00000320| 29 0d 20 20 20 20 20 32 | 2e 33 35 20 2b 20 33 36 |).     2|.35 + 36|
|00000330| 35 69 0d 3e 20 73 63 61 | 6c 61 72 28 5b 31 2e 33 |5i.> sca|lar([1.3|
|00000340| 32 34 32 65 2d 32 31 5d | 29 0d 20 31 2e 33 32 65 |242e-21]|). 1.32e|
|00000350| 2d 32 31 0d 5c 65 6e 64 | 7b 76 65 72 62 61 74 69 |-21.\end|{verbati|
|00000360| 6d 7d 0d 0d 53 65 65 20 | 61 6c 73 6f 3a 20 50 61 |m}..See |also: Pa|
|00000370| 67 65 7e 5c 70 61 67 65 | 72 65 66 7b 66 6e 3a 6d |ge~\page|ref{fn:m|
|00000380| 61 74 72 69 78 7d 20 5c | 76 65 72 62 2b 6d 61 74 |atrix} \|verb+mat|
|00000390| 72 69 78 28 29 2b 2e 0d | 0d 5c 6e 65 77 70 61 67 |rix()+..|.\newpag|
|000003a0| 65 0d 0d 0d             |                         |e...    |        |
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